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Surrogate motherhood
Surrogacy is an IVF program in which embryos obtained from the eggs and sperm of prospective parents (or donors) are transferred to the uterus of another woman—a surrogate mother—who carries and gives birth to the child without being genetically related to it.
This is the most complex type of assisted reproductive technology, as it involves a third person — the surrogate mother.
Thanks to modern medical advances, this program allows women and couples for whom pregnancy and childbirth were previously impossible to become parents.
This is the most complex type of assisted reproductive technology, as it involves a third person — the surrogate mother.
Thanks to modern medical advances, this program allows women and couples for whom pregnancy and childbirth were previously impossible to become parents.
The main medical indications for surrogacy are:
- Anatomical absence of the uterus is the most common causeThis may be:
· A congenital pathology (e.g., Rokitansky syndrome).
· An acquired condition following a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) for medical reasons. - Medical contraindicationsTo carrying a pregnancy to term when the pregnancy poses a serious threat to the woman's health or life.
This includes:
· Severe somatic diseases (heart defects, renal failure, etc.).
· Conditions associated with a high risk of miscarriage or complications. - Failures in infertility treatmentMultiple unsuccessful IVF attempts with your own good-quality embryos, when the reason for the failures remains unclear.
Thus, surrogacy is an opportunity for women who are unable to carry a child themselves for medical reasons to have a genetically related child.
Surrogate motherhood is technically similar to cycles with donor eggs. The stages of the procedure are as follows:
- Synchronization of cyclesThe genetic mother (or donor) undergoes hormonal stimulation to obtain eggs. At the same time, the surrogate mother's endometrium is prepared for implantation with the help of estrogen and progesterone preparations.
- Oocyte retrieval and fertilizationThe eggs are retrieved during a brief outpatient procedure under sedation. They are fertilized with the father's (or donor's) sperm and cultured in the laboratory for several days to form embryos.
- Embryo transferAfter 3–5 days, one or more of the most viable embryos are selected and transferred to the uterus of the surrogate mother. Their number is determined by the age of the genetic mother and the quality of the embryos obtained.
The effectiveness of the program depends primarily on the age of the woman who provided the eggs. The highest success rates (up to 70–75%) are achieved when donor eggs (from a young, healthy donor) are combined with a healthy surrogate mother's uterus. This makes such programs among the most effective in reproductive medicine.
Before starting a surrogacy program, all parties — the genetic parents and the surrogate mother — sign a legal contract certified by a notary. This document specifies in detail all financial conditions, including the amount and procedure for payment of remuneration, as well as the legal procedure for registering the birth of the child.
Before starting a surrogacy program, all parties — the genetic parents and the surrogate mother — sign a legal contract certified by a notary. This document specifies in detail all financial conditions, including the amount and procedure for payment of remuneration, as well as the legal procedure for registering the birth of the child.
